@article{oai:nara-edu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013321,
 author = {松井, 典子 and 前田, 則子},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学, Bulletin of Nara University of Education. Cultural and Social Science},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Chopin (Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, 1810-1849) composed his four Ballades between 1831 and 1842. The Ballades are very popular among pianists due both to their challenging composition and to their melodic and harmonic beauty. There are many advanced techniques required for playing the Ballades. Especially, it is said that Ballade No.4 is the most difficult work of the four, in terms of both musical and technical perspectives. The biggest problem in this work is that it often utilizes polyphony. It is not easy for small-handed pianists to play the polyphonies thoroughly while also maintaining ideal expression. What constitutes‘ small-handedness' for piano players? First, we examined some definitions of small-handedness through a survey of leading research. Based upon these studies, we utilized this definition of‘ small handedness' and then analyzed the techniques necessary to perform Ballade No.4. As a result, it was clear that small-handed pianists would experience the most difficulty when other techniques were combined with that of polyphony. However, even for small-handed pianists, it is indispensable to study Chopin's various techniques, such as creating clarity of sound and touch. Thus, for the principle purpose of this paper, we have clearly articulated the techniques required in Ballade No.4, and have proposed some effective practice methods for small-handed pianists to accomplish these techniques with less fatigue to their hands and fingers.},
 pages = {157--166},
 title = {手の小さな奏者のための演奏法研究 : 奏法の原理を踏まえた効果的な練習法},
 volume = {68},
 year = {2019}
}